Poetry - Python 依赖管理和打包工具

# 官方安装方法（推荐）
curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

# 或使用 pip（不推荐，可能产生依赖冲突）
pip install --user poetry

# 创建新项目
poetry new my-project
cd my-project

# 在现有项目初始化
poetry init

# 添加生产依赖
poetry add requests
poetry add "django>=3.2,<4.0"

# 添加开发依赖
poetry add --dev pytest
poetry add -D black flake8

# 从文件安装依赖
poetry install

# 移除依赖
poetry remove requests

# 更新依赖
poetry update
poetry update requests  # 更新特定包

# 显示虚拟环境信息
poetry env info

# 列出所有虚拟环境
poetry env list

# 使用特定 Python 版本
poetry env use /usr/bin/python3.9

# 激活虚拟环境
poetry shell

# 不激活环境直接运行命令
poetry run python script.py

# 安装依赖并生成/更新 poetry.lock
poetry install

# 检查依赖冲突
poetry check

# 显示依赖树
poetry show --tree

# 构建包
poetry build

# 发布到 PyPI
poetry publish

# 发布到测试 PyPI
poetry publish -r testpypi

# 配置仓库凭据
poetry config pypi-token.pypi your-token

# 查看配置
poetry config --list

# 设置配置（如关闭虚拟环境）
poetry config virtualenvs.create false

# 设置镜像源
poetry config repositories.aliyun https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

# 1. 创建项目
poetry new myapp
cd myapp

# 2. 添加依赖
poetry add fastapi
poetry add -D pytest

# 3. 进入开发环境
poetry shell

# 4. 编写代码...
# 5. 运行测试
poetry run pytest

# 6. 安装所有依赖（在另一台机器上）
poetry install

# 1. 克隆项目
git clone project-url
cd project

# 2. 安装所有依赖（使用锁定的版本）
poetry install

# 3. 开发...
# 4. 添加新依赖
poetry add some-package

# 5. 更新 lock 文件（会提交到版本控制）
poetry lock

[tool.poetry]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A sample project"
authors = ["Your Name <email@example.com>"]

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.8"
requests = "^2.25.1"
django = "^3.2"

[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
pytest = "^6.0"
black = "^20.0"

[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"