Go 标准库中涉及 I/O 操作的几个包的区别

type Reader interface {
	Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

type Writer interface {
	Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

type Closer interface {
	Close() error
}

// As of Go 1.16, this function simply calls io.ReadAll.
func ReadAll(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
	return io.ReadAll(r)
}

// As of Go 1.16, this function simply calls os.ReadFile.
func ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
	return os.ReadFile(filename)
}

// As of Go 1.16, this function simply calls os.WriteFile.
func WriteFile(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
	return os.WriteFile(filename, data, perm)
}

// ReadDir reads the directory named by dirname and returns
// a list of fs.FileInfo for the directory's contents,
// sorted by filename. If an error occurs reading the directory,
// ReadDir returns no directory entries along with the error.
//
// As of Go 1.16, os.ReadDir is a more efficient and correct choice:
// it returns a list of fs.DirEntry instead of fs.FileInfo,
// and it returns partial results in the case of an error
// midway through reading a directory.
func ReadDir(dirname string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
	f, err := os.Open(dirname)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	list, err := f.Readdir(-1)
	f.Close()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	sort.Slice(list, func(i, j int) bool { return list[i].Name() < list[j].Name() })
	return list, nil
}

// ReadDir reads the named directory,
// returning all its directory entries sorted by filename.
// If an error occurs reading the directory,
// ReadDir returns the entries it was able to read before the error,
// along with the error.
func ReadDir(name string) ([]DirEntry, error) {
	f, err := Open(name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer f.Close()

	dirs, err := f.ReadDir(-1)
	sort.Slice(dirs, func(i, j int) bool { return dirs[i].Name() < dirs[j].Name() })
	return dirs, err
}

type FileInfo interface {
	Name() string       // base name of the file
	Size() int64        // length in bytes for regular files; system-dependent for others
	Mode() FileMode     // file mode bits
	ModTime() time.Time // modification time
	IsDir() bool        // abbreviation for Mode().IsDir()
	Sys() any           // underlying data source (can return nil)
}

type DirEntry interface {
	Name() string
	IsDir() bool
	Type() FileMode
	Info() (FileInfo, error)
}

func ReadFile(fsys FS, name string) ([]byte, error)

func ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error)

// Reader implements buffering for an io.Reader object.
type Reader struct {
	buf          []byte
	rd           io.Reader // reader provided by the client
	r, w         int       // buf read and write positions
	err          error
	lastByte     int // last byte read for UnreadByte; -1 means invalid
	lastRuneSize int // size of last rune read for UnreadRune; -1 means invalid
}

// NewReader returns a new Reader whose buffer has the default size.
func NewReader(rd io.Reader) *Reader {
	return NewReaderSize(rd, defaultBufSize)
}
func NewReaderSize(rd io.Reader, size int) *Reader {
	// Is it already a Reader?
	b, ok := rd.(*Reader)
	if ok && len(b.buf) >= size {
		return b
	}
	if size < minReadBufferSize {
		size = minReadBufferSize
	}
	r := new(Reader)
	r.reset(make([]byte, size), rd)
	return r
}

type Writer struct {
	err error
	buf []byte
	n   int
	wr  io.Writer
}

type Buffer struct {
	buf      []byte // contents are the bytes buf[off : len(buf)]
	off      int    // read at &buf[off], write at &buf[len(buf)]
	lastRead readOp // last read operation, so that Unread* can work correctly.
}
type readOp int8
func NewBuffer(buf []byte) *Buffer { return &Buffer{buf: buf} }